What dangers lurk for expectant mothers in greenhouses?

Greenhouses and nurseries pose hidden dangers for expectant and breastfeeding mothers, which must be considered in the risk assessment according to Section 10 of the Maternity Protection Act (MuSchG). We have already discussed the general regulations regarding pregnancy-relevant biological substances in the workplace in the AGCT Genetic Engineering report . 08/2024 and AGCT-Genetic Engineering. report 02/2025 explained. But which hazards in particular must be considered? Especially when handling soil and fertilizer contaminated with animal feces, there is an increased risk of parasitic and bacterial infections with Toxoplasma gondii or Listeria monocytogenes, the pathogens that cause toxoplasmosis and listeriosis , respectively. Both pathogens can lead to severe infections in the mother and unborn child and to miscarriages or stillbirths. Indirect risks for the unborn child arise from wound infections with Clostridium tetani, the tetanus pathogen . Adequate vaccination protection is therefore essential. The high humidity in greenhouses also promotes the growth of the mold Aspergillus fumigatus, which causes the respiratory infection aspergillosis and is a biological agent in risk group 2 . Plant-infecting, mycotoxin-producing ascomycetes of the genus Fusarium and soil- and plant-associated molds of the genus Alternaria can also cause severe respiratory problems. When working outdoors, there is also an increased risk of tick bites and infection with Borrelia burgdorferi or the viral pathogen that causes tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) . Borrelia can cross the placental barrier and, in rare cases, lead to miscarriages, premature births, and placental inflammation. Although TBE viruses do not cross the placental barrier, a severe infection in the mother poses an acute risk to the fetus. Hantaviruses , which occur during dusty earthmoving and woodworking work, can also promote miscarriages or premature births. Furthermore, risks from hazardous substances , which in greenhouses primarily arise from contact with pesticides, biocides, and fertilizers , must be taken into account. An overview of maternity protection regulations regarding exposure to hazardous substances can be found in the AGCT Genetic Engineering report . 03/2025 . Important: Especially in greenhouses, consider ergonomic and physical stress caused by heat, high humidity, and UV radiation.